Przemiany świadomości inteligencji w okresie rozpadu Polski Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej (1975-1989) na przykładzie Dzienników Józefa Banaszaka

Abstrakt

An analysis of the attitudes of intelligentsia during the transition period, con[1]ducted based on studying, among others, Diaries by J. Banaszak of the last two decades of the Polish People’s Republic allows to draw the following conclusions: 1. The attitudes - to a large extent - depended on family- and community-based upbringing; there was also an aspect of regional diversification. 2. Artistic intelligentsia and scientists were strongly dependent on the authorities, which were the only employers and sponsors, leading to development of the attitudes of conformism and opportunism. 3. Alternative systems, which had emerged starting from 1968, supported primarily by the Roman Catholic Church institution, did not have a sufficient offer, which would be able to satisfy professional and creative ambitions of intelligence. 4. The access of the majority of intellectuals to the groups of democratic and freedom fighting groups, including publishing houses, was very limited. 5. There was a significant discrepancy between the critical relation to the social- -political reality and the actual behavior. 6 . There were escape reactions into privacy and culture, in addition to eager involvement in professional work. 7. The main reason of the transition in 1989 was not the attitude of the nation, but economic crisis, which started in the second half of the 1970s; not resolved, it aggravated across the Eastern Bloc, forcing political system changes.