Use of mountain rivers in the East Carpathians for timber transport in the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy

Abstract

Timber in the mountains is currently transported with the use of heavy road vehicles, which causes severe damage to the fragile environment. In the 19th and the 20th century, despite intensive forestry, the problem was resolved by means of river transport. The article discusses the concept of timber rafting with particular emphasis put on the nature of Carpathian raftsmen’s work. Furthermore, locations of water-lifting devices (splash dams) are indicated in the Eastern Carpathians (Ukraine) and their constructional designs are presented.