Idea pokoju negatywnego i pozytywnego

Abstrakt

Summarizing considerations about peace, the author finds out that the idea is commonly known as the opposite of war. Peace means lack of war more than an international partnership (although it is included into the idea of positive peace) because a war can also contain a partnership between aggressors or between peace defenders. Therefore, the lack of war is crucial to define the international peace, because only the war excludes it evidently. Peace can also take place in case of sanctioning an unjust political-territorial deal or in state of numerous international tensions when there is no war.In the author's opinion another meaning of peace refers to the state of relationships between countries. However, regarding the fact that it is at the same time a value (a special value for both individual nations and the whole internationalglobal society), peace is differently interpreted in different philosophical and ideological conceptions. It has a dynamic character and depends on international conditions, priorities of international interests and civilization progress. These conditions are variable. However, peace always means lack of war or other direct violence. (This is a negative aspect of peace.) Peace, evaluated as fair and favourable to unrestricted development, is defined as positive (a positive aspect of peace). So, this is a creative development of the negative peace. Practically, it is, however, more an idea of peace than an objective state found in the human history so far. Therefore peace is also characterized by relativity and subjectivity of perception (regardless of the objective state).