Rola ludności rdzennej w ochronie lasów: studium przypadku brazylijskiej Amazonii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34767/SIIP.2024.02.07Słowa kluczowe:
ludność rdzenna, wylesienie, zmiana klimatu, Amazonia, BrazyliaAbstrakt
Za cel artykułu obrano ocenę roli ludności rdzennych w ochronie zasobów naturalnych. Regionem szczególnie narażonym na antropopresję, przede wszystkim ze względu na bogactwo surowców mineralnych i drewna, a zamieszkałym przez ponad 2 miliony rdzennych plemion, jest Amazonia. W obliczu zagrożeń dla równowagi ekologicznej tego biomu, związanych z eksploatacją gospodarczą, w artkule postanowiono zweryfikować hipotezę, że pełna ochrona naturalnego dziedzictwa oraz efektywna polityka klimatyczna nie są możliwe bez zaangażowania rdzennej ludności. Rozważania rozpoczęto od wskazania usług ekosystemowych Amazonii dla człowieka i innych żywych organizmów. Następnie postawiono dwa pytania badawcze: (1) Jakie prawa istotne z punktu widzenia ochrony środowiska zagwarantowano ludności rdzennej w systemie prawnym Brazylii? oraz (2) Jakie działania podejmuje rdzenna ludność w celu ochrony zasobów przyrodniczych? Próbę odpowiedzi na wskazane pytania podjęto przy wykorzystaniu metody analizy instytucjonalno-prawnej oraz analizy przypadków.
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